Qatar

Qatar is a country in the Persian Gulf. Qatar is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and Bahrain to the west. Like the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar is a hot and dry desert. There are no surface water bodies and the number of animals and plants is negligible.

Capital- Doha

Area: 11,517 sq km area. It is the 157th largest country in the world in terms of area.

The population is about 26 lakh 41 thousand. There are more males than females in Qatar.

Religions- About 8% of the population believe in Islam , 13.7% in Christianity , 13.7% in Hinduism and 3.1% in Buddhism.

Language: Arabic is the official language of Qatar. About 56% of the people here speak Arabic. About a quarter of the people speak Persian. The rest speak other languages ​​of the Indian subcontinent and the Philippine Islands. English is used in international affairs.

Currency -Rial.

History:

Life has been found in Qatar since prehistoric times. According to archaeologist de Cardi, life existed in Qatar. The weather was rainy , with waterfalls , high grass and clear water canals. According to Herodotus , the father of modern history, there was a fishing community called ' Canaanites ' in Qatar . They used to hunt fish by making temporary expeditions during the fishing season. This information is obtained from the records of the wars between Persia and the ancient Greek Empire in 499-449 BC. Ancient Qatari archeology, such as pottery , flint , and stone cutters, has been analyzed in ancient times.The Mesopotamian Al Ubayd tribe had trade with Ras Abrukh on the east coast of Qatar. Qatar was later found on Ptolemy's map. Where it is shown as Kathara and a city called Kadara.

Advent of Islam:

In pre-Islamic times, Qatar, like other countries in the Arabian Peninsula, was under the rule of the ' Shasani ' dynasty of Persia. Later, in the seventh century, when Islam spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula, the region also came under the shadow of Islam. At that time Banu Amer bin Abd ul Qays , Banu Sa'd bin Zayed Minah bin Tamim were living in different tribes. The current ruling group, al-Thani ,Al-Tamimi is a branch of it. At that time the local Banu Tamim tribe was ruling in Qatar. Munzir bin Sawa al-Tamimi, the chief of the tribe of Banu Tamim, agreed to convert to Islam and later played a role in spreading Islam among other tribes. During the Umayyad (661-650 AD) and Abbasid (750-1256 AD) Damascus and Baghdad-centric trade developed.

Subsequent history

In the sixteenth century, Qatar faced international competition. The first half of this century was in the possession of the Mamluks. Later, as the Mamluk's influence waned, the Ottoman sultanate sought to establish rights in the Arab region. Besides , the local power was Hormuz. The Ottoman sultanate removed Mamluk and established rights in the Arab region. The Safavid dynasty of Iran captured Baghdad from the Ottomans. At the same time, the Muslim European power Al Andalus fell to the Spanish-Portuguese. After the Portuguese naval power spread to various places of influence. They gained a reputation for toughness in a very short time. Osmania in 1509 ,The Mamluk and Indian Muslim monarchies joined forces to suppress the Portuguese. In history it is known as the battle of three kings. The war proved the superiority of the Portuguese navy. The country came under British rule in the early twentieth century. Qatar and the British Treaty In early September 18, Luis Pelli met Muhammad al-Thani and other members of his family in Al-Waqra. On 12 September 18, Muhammad bin Thani agreed to the treaty. The subjects were: 1. Peaceful stay in Doha. 2. Refrain from causing unrest at sea. 3. That the British should decide on any kind of problem that arose between themselves and their neighbors. 4. Maintaining good relations with the then Emir of Bahrain Ali bin Khalifa. 5. The former Emir of Bahrain, Mohammed bin Khalifa, was found in Qatar in the hands of the appropriate authorities The country has large reserves of mineral oil and natural gas. The country's economy is very rich because of these natural resources. The Al-Thani tribe has ruled Qatar as an emirate since the late 19th century. It gained full independence in 1971. The politics of Qatar took place in an absolute monarchical structure. The Emir of Qatar is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, the head of state and head of government at the same timeIn 2013, his father, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, seized power. Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani has been the country's emir since 1995. Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani is the 6th Prime Minister of the country following the resignation of Prime Minister Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani on January 26, 2020. It was a relatively poor country until the middle of the twentieth century. At that time petroleum reserves were discovered in the country and these began to be extracted. Qatar is currently one of the richest countries in the world in terms of per capita income. The standard of civic amenities in Qatar is very high. Like the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar is a hot and dry desert. There are no surface water bodies and the number of animals and plants is negligible.

Administrative regions - Doha (Al Rayyan and Dayan Municipality attached to the capital Doha ) Al Waqra , Al Khor , Dayan , Al Rayyan , Misaid , Dokshan , Al Samal.

Al Jazeera TV channel

Al Jazeera is the most popular news-based television channel in the Arab world. Al Jazeera is a news-based television channel owned by the Media Network and broadcast from Doha, Qatar. The Al Jazeera channel is owned by the Qatari government. The satellite channel was launched on November 1, 1997, in a joint venture between Orbit Communications Company and an Arabic language television station. Al Jazeera has entered various parts of the world.

Four Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia, have demanded that Al Jazeera TV be shut down in order to lift the embargo on Qatar. Al Jazeera is one of the most popular media outlets in the Middle East . Al-Jazeera has become an enemy of hardline conservative rulers like Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The rulers of the monarchy do not want the people to see the news criticizing the monarchy. At first, the channel distinguished itself from others by its fearless reporting , heated debates, and heated discussions about the authoritarian rulers of the Arab region. The channel has already received wide acclaim in the international arena for its extraordinary coverage of the landmark revolutionary political change in the history of the modern world called 'Arab Spring' in 2011.The channel's coverage of the most exciting events of the Arab Spring in Cairo's Tahrir Square has attracted the attention of millions of curious listeners and viewers around the world. During the 'revolution' in Egypt, the amount of traffic to Al Jazeera's website increased by about 2,500 percent! At that time, the government forces looted the office of the channel in Cairo. The slogan "Long Live Al Jazeera" was heard in Tahrir Square. Al Jazeera was the first to give the world the news and pictures of the capture and killing of Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. The channel's coverage of the Arab Spring created a turning point. The channel started broadcasting the protests live. At that time it was a primary and important source of this information. They called Saddam Hussein an "dictator.", Again broadcasting various news of Israel. It became a platform for rebel groups , Islamists and Arab nationalists. The world has witnessed the catastrophic events of the tsunami in Japan as well as the mass protests on the highways of Europe in the midst of the economic crisis. Al Jazeera was present at the scene to cover every moment of the incident.

The blockade of Qatar

In June 2016, Saudi Arabia , Egypt , Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates severed diplomatic ties with the Gulf state of Qatar . It has severed all ties with Qatar . Countries have imposed land , sea and air blockades on Qatar, accusing it of supporting political parties such as terrorism and the Muslim Brotherhood . They imposed 13 conditions on Qatar to lift the blockade and sever diplomatic ties. The conditions included shutting down Al Jazeera's media network , expelling Turkish troops from Qatar , severing ties with Iran and compensating the countries concerned. Qatar refuses to comply , saysThe move is a blow to Doha's sovereignty. The purpose for which the blockade was imposed is also out of reach. Instead of isolating Qatar regionally, the blockade has forged closer ties with Turkey and Iran .Qatar further strengthens ties with Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has deployed thousands of troops in support of the Thani government at a Turkish base named after Khalid bin Walid, a prominent Muslim general in the country. The Saudi alliance's blockade was broken when Turkey and Iran sided with the country by sending emergency food and other supplies. Oman and Kuwait also did not take an active part in the blockade. There has been no significant shortage of food and other supplies at Qatari ports and airports. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (including Bahrain and Egypt) have been closed for Qatar Airways since June 2017. The alliance announced the severance of all ties, not just airspace , including diplomatic and trade. That is why the Qatar Airways planes are using the Iranian airspace. As a result, Iran receives ৩ 133 million annually from Qatar.

The world's highest per capita income -

Qatar is the world's highest per capita income country. This is possible because of the huge reserves of oil and gas in this small country. The European country Luxembourg is in the second position after Qatar. Their per capita income is হাজার 20,000 less than in Qatar .

Qatar World Cup - 2022

Qatar is hosting the 22nd edition of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It will be the first FIFA World Cup in the Arab world and the first in a Muslim-majority country. It will be the second FIFA World Cup to be held in Asia after South Korea and Japan in 2002 . World Cup. This will be the first World Cup to be held in May , June or July ; Instead the competition is scheduled for the end of November until mid-December. The 2022 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to open on November 21 at the Al Bayt Stadium in Doha, Qatar. The first match will start at 1 pm local time. It will be completed in about 28 days ,The final will be played on December 16, 2022 , which is also Qatar's National Day. It is learned that the capacity of Al Bayt Stadium is 60,000 . The venue of the final, Lucille Stadium, has a capacity of 60,000 spectators. Al Khor Stadium is one of the stadiums that Qatar is building ahead of the World Cup. Twelve stadiums are being built in keeping with the traditions and culture of the Middle Eastern country. Some in the form of marine boats , some in the form of oysters , some in the form of oasis designs. Not just the external glamor. There is also innovation inside these stadiums. Air-conditioning technology will ensure comfortable weather for players and spectators. Bangladeshis are involved in the construction sector that has developed around the Football World Cup . Qatar prepares for World Cup in last 10 years (From 2011 to 2020 ) 1018 Bangladeshi workers have died . Besides, 8,500 workers of South Asia including Bangladesh have died . These countries include Bangladesh , India , Pakistan , Nepal and Sri Lanka . The Guardian published an investigative report on the death . The report claims that since the glory of hosting the World Cup, Bangladesh , India , Pakistan ,Nepal also lost 12 people to Sri Lanka. According to reliable sources in the Guardian and the governments of the countries, 5,926 migrant workers have died in ten years. The number of dead Bangladeshi workers is 1,017 . A total of 36 workers have died while working on the construction of the World Cup stadium .

Bangladesh-Qatar relations

Bangladesh has had good diplomatic relations with Qatar for more than 40 years. Manpower has been exported to Qatar, a longtime friend of the Middle East, since 1973. At present more than 4 lakh expatriate Bangladeshis are working there. Most of whom are involved in construction. Bangladesh exports huge amount of manpower to Qatar. According to government figures , Qatar was the destination for 22 percent of total manpower exports from Bangladesh in 2016. Despite long-standing good relations, Bangladesh lags behind South Asian countries India , Pakistan and the Philippines. Qatar Charity has schools , orphanages and training centers in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh-Qatar Women's Association was formed in 2014 in Doha.

Economy

The country has large reserves of mineral oil and natural gas. The country's economy is very rich because of these natural resources. It was a relatively poor country until the middle of the twentieth century. At that time petroleum reserves were discovered in the country and these began to be extracted. Qatar is currently one of the richest countries in the world in terms of per capita income. A few months ago, Qatar's finance minister told the BBC that their investment in the UK was between 45 billion and 51 billion. Not only that , in the next five years, the country wants to buy another 5 billion pounds of assets. The latest 'Crusade series ' made by the companyThe world is in turmoil. Besides, the popular sports channel 'BN' is also theirs. You must have heard the name of football club PSG. The club is also owned by Qatar. Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Qatar Airways is currently the best airline in the world for air travel. Hamad International Airport was built in 2014. The airport has the capacity to handle about 50 million passengers per year. Hamad International Airport is the ninth largest in the world. The Aspire Tower, located in Doha, the capital of Qatar, is the tallest building in the country. Qatar produces more carbon dioxide than any other country in the world. One of the main reasons is that there is no forest in this country. There are 4 countries in the world where there is no forest. The other three countries are San Marino , Greenland and Oman.

The food is influenced by traditional Qatari cuisine, Indian and Iranian cuisine. Qatari special dishes include Ghuji , Motabel , Biryani , Tabaullah and Hummus.

Law There are two types of laws in Qatar .The first is civil law and the second is Sharia law. Sharia law is very strict and difficult. According to Sharia law, if you condemn religion, you can be punished up to 7 years.