An oppressed caliph

No other ruler in contemporary history has been the victim of slander and propaganda during the lifetime of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Sultan Abdul Hamid II (21 September 1842 - 10 February 1917) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. When his father Sultan Abdul Majid died in 181, his uncle Abdul Aziz took over the caliphate. When he was killed in 18, his brother Murad V took over the helm. Murad V is believed to have been involved in a plot to assassinate his uncle, along with the Jewish organization Free Mission. After his ascension to power, the matter became clear. Murad V, on the advice of the Jewish lobby, turned the caliphate into a basic monarchy. The caliph became the nominal ruler and the executive power passed into the hands of the Uzair and Pasha. Within a few months of ascending the masnad, the 5th Murad showed signs of cerebral palsy. After a few months, when he could not be healed under any circumstances, Then Abdul Hamid's call came. He became the caliph on 31 December 18, subject to many unjust conditions of the Zionist Free Mission and the neo-Turks. (Dawatil Ottoman, Yalmay Ustuna on the date)

Sultan Abdul Hamid II was the caliph of the ummah's compassionate Muslim world to whom the Jews wanted to pay a large sum of money for the transfer of Baitul Muqaddas but he refused to leave the Muslim world. Sultan Abdul Hamid II sought a separate union for the entire Muslim Ummah. But the West and the Jewish lobbies did not allow him to succeed in this great task. He was a staunch opponent of imperialism in India and around the world. He rejected state nationalism and believed in Muslim nationalism. Somewhere Muslim aggression, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would roar when he saw something that was insulting. In particular, he was the epitome of terror for British-French colonialism.

Muhammad Ali Sallabi said that the caliph had said in a meeting of his Pasha,When you see that your enemies are praising you for what you have done, you will know that you have protected the enemy's interests by doing this. And when the enemy condemns any of your deeds, you will understand that the body of the enemy is burning for the good of the Muslim Ummah. (Ottoman Empire)

From the accusations and lies of the enemies against Sultan Abdul Hamid II, we can understand that the enemies were fully aware of the consequences of his actions even though the 'relatives' did not understand. Eminent British sociologist Arland Toynbee writes, “The aim of the Islamic politics of Sultan Abdul Hamid II was to unite the Muslims of the world under one flag. Undoubtedly, this was a strong counter-attack against the aggression of the Western colonial powers against the Muslim world. " The Europeans have written so much about him that they have not written so much about any other Muslim ruler in contemporary history, in the long history of fourteen hundred and fifty years. All but a few of them are full of slander, lies and propaganda.

In 1901, Mizraro came to Sultan Abdul Hamid II, a world-famous Jewish banker by the name of Karo. He offered to pay off all debts to the Ottoman Caliphate, an interest-free loan of 35 million lira for the Ottoman Caliphate, and to build a state-of-the-art naval base for the Ottoman army. In return he asked for permission for the Jews to enter the Temple without hindrance, for location, and for permission to establish a small Jewish settlement near Jerusalem. The caliph said to the merchant,

The land which Amir al-mu'minin Umar ibn Khattab (ra) has conquered, I will open it for you to live in, how dare you think that! I want martyrdom, I don't want to die betraying Muslims. "

After this incident, the Jews realized that they would not be able to form a state in Arabia if Caliph Abdul Hamid II was in power. When the then head of the Jewish state of Israel, Theodor Herzl, came to see the caliph, he refused to meet him. Herzel later asked the Jews for ২০ 20 million to allow them to pray in the Temple all year round. (During the Ottoman Caliphate, Jews could enter Jerusalem only for one month each year, provided they stayed three hours.) Caliph Herzel also rejected this offer. In his return letter, he wrote that they should not go ahead with this plan. They will not be given even a handful of the land of Jerusalem, since he does not own it. It is a land bought with the blood of Muslims. (Dawatil Ottoman, Yalmay Ustuna on the date)

When the sultan refused to pay the debt, Italy sent a message to the sultan on his behalf: As the days go by, the truth becomes clearer and clearer as to how sensitive this great Sultan was to the Arabs and the Palestinians. How anxious he was to see the Muslims again in the former dignified position. With such deep foresight and diplomatic wisdom he retaliated against every plot of the enemy.

Meanwhile, the movement of neo-Turks began to escalate.

Sultan Abdul Hamid II brought a lot of reforms in the Ottoman system. He felt that the Turks and the Ottomans needed to be highly educated in Europe and benefit from their technological advancement. To that end, he sent talented Turks to France, Britain and other European countries for higher education. Many top government bureaucrats and diplomats were sent to Europe for further training. But those students and part of the diplomats then secretly sought to modernize the Ottoman Empire, give more opportunities to foreigners, minorities and infidels living under the Ottomans, and bring democracy. Created. Their movement is known as the neo-Turkish movement. Young Turks was a political reform movement in the early 20th century that favored the replacement of the Ottoman Empire. s absolute monarchy with a constitutional government. They led a rebellion against the absolute rule of Sultan Abdulhamid II in the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. Such as Mostafa Kamal Pasha, Anwar Pasha, Talat Pasha, Ismet Inonu, Jalal Bayar and Kazim Karabekir and many more. Also among them was the Turkish national poet Mehmet Akif Ersoy. Who wrote the national anthem of present day Turkey. Badiuzzaman Saeed Nursi, who is seen as a pioneer of Islamic renaissance in modern Turkey, was on the side of neo-Turks. Also present was Zia Gokalp, a famous writer, educator and sociologist from modern Turkey. Jalal Bayar and Qaim Karabekir and many more. Also among them was the Turkish national poet Mehmet Akif Ersoy. Who wrote the national anthem of present day Turkey. Badiuzzaman Saeed Nursi, who is seen as a pioneer of Islamic renaissance in modern Turkey, was on the side of neo-Turks. Also present was Zia Gokalp, a famous writer, educator and sociologist from modern Turkey. Jalal Bayar and Qaim Karabekir and many more. Also among them was the Turkish national poet Mehmet Akif Ersoy. Who wrote the national anthem of present day Turkey. Badiuzzaman Saeed Nursi, who is seen as a pioneer of Islamic renaissance in modern Turkey, was on the side of neo-Turks. Also present was Zia Gokalp, a famous writer, educator and sociologist from modern Turkey.

Sultan Abdul Hamid II was always trying to stop this movement. But day by day they are becoming very strong. His main collaborators were Talat Pasha and Jamal Pasha. Neo-Turks continue to work closely with this committee. Inside, they were able to bring in a large part of the army. In 1906, there was a massive campaign in various cities for their various demands, including constitutional amendments. The part of the army expressing solidarity with their demands started marching towards the capital. The Sultan was compelled to declare the constitution as they demanded. The rule of the new Turks began. But even then he was constitutionally the head of the caliphate. His position was a major obstacle to Jewish resettlement in Palestine. Meanwhile, the situation is more under the rule of the new Turks Is deteriorating. Dissatisfaction continued to grow in the minds of the people. In 1909, the soldiers loyal to the Sultan started the revolution again. It failed due to the great efforts of the Zionists and the caliph was deposed and sent into exile.

His brother Muhammad V became the nominal Sultan. That same night Sultan Abdul Hamid II was sent into exile in Salonika. There he was placed under house arrest in a Jewish home. He was then brought to Istanbul and placed in the Bailerbeck Palace.

Abdul Hamid, in exile, wept for the Muslim Ummah. He could not meet with anyone due to tight security. His aide Hisamiddin said the caliph often sighed from the time he ascended the caliphate until his death. 'Either Khilafah or martyrdom. He died under house arrest on February 19, 1917 at Bailerbeck Palace. He was the last true caliph of the Ottoman Empire.

After the removal of Abdul Hamid from power, there was a great division between the Ottoman army and the Sultanate's officials. But then Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro declared war on the Ottomans. This war, known as the Balkan Wars, lasted from October 7, 1912 to May 30, 1913. About 50,000 Ottoman soldiers were killed in the war, and almost all of the Balkans fell to the Ottomans. The Ottomans were weakened financially and mentally, on the one hand by the Sultan's ouster and siege, by death, on the other hand by the loss of a large territory and the death of a large number of troops.

No other ruler in contemporary history has been the victim of such slander and propaganda during his lifetime. Many eyes were opened after his death. Anwar Pasha is one of them. The Ottoman war minister in the caliphate was also one of the main leaders of the neo-Turks. Due to his single-mindedness and stubbornness in the First World War, the Ottomans joined the war on behalf of Germany. As a result, the fall of Khilafah was accelerated. That Anwar Pasha later said, "Jamal, do you know our real trouble? We have revolutionized. But I did not know when I became the play of the Zionists without knowing it. In fact, we were stupid. "Another was the poet Reza Tawfiq. That the neo-Turks were theoretical and philosophical. But later he realized his mistake and wrote to the Sultan, "O great Sultan, when history remembers you, the truth will be on your side We took it / We used to wake up the sleeping fetnas / But O my master, you were not mad / We were mad but we did not understand it / Not only mad; On the contrary, we have lost our human character / We have shamelessly slandered you. "Colonel Hussein Arturk of the Turkish army said: Sultan Abdul Hamid's move against the Zionists meant losing his power and throne. " When the sultan rejects the offer to pay off all the debts of the caliphate in exchange for giving the Jews a national home in Palestine, given by Hartzel, the lifeblood of world Zionism, Italy sends a message to the sultan on his behalf: As the days go by, the truth becomes clearer and clearer as to how sensitive this great Sultan was to the Arabs and the Palestinians. How anxious he was to see the Muslims again in the former dignified position. With such deep foresight and diplomatic wisdom he retaliated against every plot of the enemy.