Islam in Tibet
Mount Everest is located on the Tibetan border with Nepal. The people of Tibet, who have a centuries-old tradition, have different languages, religions and customs. There are many mysteries surrounding Tibet since ancient times. Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, has long been known worldwide as the "Forbidden City." The region has long been known as a mysterious world to Tibet or Lhasa, as no one from outside the world has access to it.
The first Dalai Lama appeared in 1391. Tibet is a self-governing territory founded by the 13th Dalai Lama in 1912. Located in Central Asia, this region is home to the Tibetan people. Although the region is called part of China, most Tibetans here are reluctant to recognize it as part of China. There is controversy about this. When the Tibetans launched a freedom movement against the People's Republic of China in 1959, it failed. Numerous Tibetans, led by the Dalai Lama, then took refuge in the Indian government and settled in Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh. The exiled government of independent Tibet was established there. Religion occupies an important place because Tibetans are very religious. Their main religious leader is the Dalai Lama. Buddhist monks are known as lamas in Tibet. The word lama means supreme, and the word dalai means ocean of knowledge. That is, the word Dalai Lama means ‘the supreme being of the ocean of knowledge.
Out of 65 lakh Tibetans, only 30 lakh live outside Tibet. They are scattered in different countries. About 2.2 million of them live in the autonomous regions of Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Apart from that, one lakh 89 thousand, 16 thousand and four thousand 600 Tibetans live in India, Nepal and Bhutan respectively. There are Tibetan people abroad in various countries including America, Europe, Australia. The people of Tibet have been fighting for their rights for many years but finally they have joined China. The Tibetan people are being persecuted under the guise of Chinese autonomy. As a result, the oppressed people left the country and spread to India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Mongolia, Europe, America and other countries of the world. Many Tibetan expatriates do not agree to recognize the region as part of People's Republic of China.
Most of the Tibetan people are followers of a particular type of Buddhism. The religion reached Tibet in the seventh century. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan Buddhists. They have identified Tibet as ‘Tehrat’ or ‘Title’. China's relations with Arab countries have existed long before the advent of Islam. Chinese merchants used to take their goods by sea to different parts of Arabia. According to a Chinese source, in 651 an Arab trade delegation visited the Chinese city of Canton (now Guangzhou). At that time Hazrat Uthman Ibn Affan (RA) was the leader of the Islamic Caliphate. Muslim historians say that Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqqas, one of the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), led that caravan of Muslims. He came with a trade caravan and got a chance to spread Islam in China. Many Chinese came in contact with him and were initiated into Islam. Saad (ra) built a mosque in Canton for the worship of Muslims. 10 percent of China's 55 minority ethnic groups are followers of Islam. These include Wei, Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Salar, Bawan (Bonan), Dongjiang, Uzbek, Tajik and Tatar. The relatively large groups among them are the Hui, Uyghurs and Kyrgyz. They are one crore and five lakh, one crore and two lakh respectively. Most Hui people live in the northern and western provinces of China. These people are descendants of Arab, Central Asian and Persian merchants. They came to China from the 7th century and settled here. Many members of the Hui community have married local Chinese women, gradually integrating into Chinese society. Now they speak Mandarin or any other language.
During the caliphate of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz (617-620) he received a request to send a delegation to preach in China and Tibet. So he sent Saleh bin Abdullah Hanafi to Tibet. He preached the religion among the people there. So at that time some people converted to Islam. As a result, it is safe to say that Islam came to Tibet in the eighth century.
When Muhammad bin Qasim conquered the Indus in the eighth century, trade relations with Tibet expanded. And this relationship is connected to the Islamic world across India, China and the Malay Peninsula. During the Abbasid Muslim rule, diplomatic, political and trade relations were maintained with Tibet and the Islamic world. History shows that in the eighth century, the Muslim ruler of Tibet, Khalifa al-Mahdi (65-65), assumed power. As a result, Tibetan gold has been exported to the Muslim world since the eighth century. This gold was used by the Muslim rulers to make dinars or gold coins. The Hudud al-Alam, written in Persian in the 10th century, shows that there was a mosque in Lhasa, the central city of Tibet. Although the Muslim population in this city was very low. Towards the end of the eleventh century, the ruler of Bengal, Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji, occupied some parts of the region, including Tibet. Parts of Tibet, including Baltistan, located between Badakhshan and Kashmir, were conquered by Muslim armies in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Then, in the second half of the seventeenth century, Tibet came under the Kalmak rulers of Mongol-Turkish descent. The lineage of Tibetan Muslims is mixed. Their ancestors migrated to Tibet from Kashmir, Lakhad and Central Asia. They marry Tibetan women there. Thus Muslims became part of Tibetan society. Tibetan Muslim, also known as Kashi. A number of minorities in Tibet. Despite being Muslims, they are recognized separately by the Chinese government as Tibetans, unlike Hui Muslims. The Tibetan word kachi literally means Kashmiri. Muslims have been living in Tibet since as early as the 8th or 9th century. In Tibetan cities, there are small communities of Muslims known as Kachee (Kache), who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions: Kashmir (Kachee Yul in ancient Tibetan), Ladakh and the Central Asian Turkic countries. Islamic influence in Tibet also came from Persia. After 1959 a group of Tibetan Muslims made a case for Indian nationality based on their historic roots to Kashmir and the Indian government declared all Tibetan Muslims Indian citizens later on that year. [35] Other Muslim ethnic groups who have long inhabited Tibet include Hui, Salar, Dongxiang and Bonan. There is also a well established Chinese Muslim community (gya kachee), which traces its ancestry back to the Hui ethnic group of China. The Balti Tibetans of Baltistan are Shia Muslims. In the general sense, Tibetan Muslims are unique in that they are largely of Kashmiri descent in terms of paternal identity and belong to the indigenous Tibetan community in terms of maternal identity, although the opposite is not unknown. Thus, they are found in a mixture of Indo-Iranian and indigenous Tibetan-faced natures. The Balti tribes of Pakistan and the Balti tribes of Kargil are descendants of Tibetan Buddhists, most of whom are Shia Muslims, some converts to the Sunni minority. Their Balti language is very ancient and conservative, and the Tibetan language is much closer to the ancient Tibetan language than other languages.
The majority of Tibetans are Buddhists. The Tibetan people practice Tibetan Buddhism according to the Mahayana. Tibetan Buddhism. 7.5%. Sister. 12.5%. Other. 8.58%. Islam. 0.4%. Christians 0.02%. A look at the stage of history shows that Buddhist leaders in Tibet are generally tolerant. Buddhist leaders have a liberal attitude towards the religious and cultural identity of the Muslims there. During the reign of the Fifth Dalai Lama (1817-182), Muslims enjoyed vast religious, legal, educational, economic and cultural rights. Muslims gained great freedom in performing religious duties, building mosques and madrasas, etc. The Fifth Dalai Lama allotted some land to the Muslims for a mosque and cemetery. Muslims could form a five-member committee to manage and manage their religious, legal and educational-cultural matters. Muslims could apply their own Islamic law to settle internal disputes or disputes. They also received tax leave from the government. Muslim leaders were invited to all government functions. Recently, the rights of Muslims in Chinese society have been somewhat limited. Society and the state are afflicting them in various ways. The government seems to be strictly controlling the issue of religious rights. Even after that, Muslims continue their religious activities as much as possible.
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